We'll get to adjectives and the possesive pronouns.
More exercises! You can try them on paper and then check the answers
immediatly.
An exception (you've been waiting for it) is when the adjective is placed
between the definite article ("de" and "het") and a noun, or between the
undefinite article ("een") and a non-neutral noun (which get the "de" article).
The adjective is then followed by "e", and the usual rules of long
vowels changing into short vowels ("aa", "ee", "oo" and "uu" into "a",
"e", "o" and "u" rsp) and the doubling of the ending single consonant when
the last sylable has a short vowel and ends with a single consonant ("a",
"e", "i", "o" and "u"), and "s" changing into "z" and "f" into "v".
So: Het rode huis, de dikke man, een groot huis, een grote man, een
vies huis, het vieze huis.
This is for the single nouns. Before plural nouns the "e" rule always
applies.
So: De rode huizen, de dikke mannen, grote huizen, grote mannen.
The past perfect of verbs (the "ge" verb) may also be used as adjective,
like in English.
So: {the kissed woman} - de gekuste vrouw.
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The possesive pronouns are as follows in Dutch:
An (almost accepted) error made by many Dutch people is to use "hun"
instead of "zij" (plural) in the subject form, like:
"Hun zijn ziek." instead of "Zij zijn ziek."
Don't do it yourself, but be prepared.
Finally another exception: after the pronouns "aan" and "voor", when
they are used in a directional, cooperative way (rsp. to and for), "hun"
is replaced by hen". This is also valid when the pronoun "aan" is left
out, but you could insert it (like the English {to} in: I gave it (to)
them).
So: Ik praat tegen hun. Ik geef het boek aan hen. Ik geef hen het boek.
Het is voor hen.
| mij | me |
| mijn | mine, also the mine [de, mijnen] |
| jou | you (possesive) |
| hem | him |
| zijn | his |
| haar | her, hers, also hair [de and het, haren] |
| het | it (possesive) |
| het's | its |
| ons | us, ours, also 100-gram ounce (official no longer used, but still present in spoken language) [het, onsen, onzen] |
| jullie | you, yours (plural, possesive) |
| hun | them, their |
| hen | them (after "aan" or "voor" in directional, cooperative way) |
| garage | garage [de (v), garages] |
| tuin | garden [de (m), tuinen] |
| balkon | balcony [het, balkons] |
| computer | computer (watch the special 'pu' pronounciation) [de (m), computers] |
| bureau | desk, bureau, (police) station, (travel) agency [het, bureaus] |
| rood | red< [rode] |
| blauw | blue [blauwe] |
| groen | green [groene] |
| geel | yellow [gele] |
| zwart | black [zwarte] |
| wit | white [witte] |
| grijs | grey [grijze] |
| alle | all (all objects) |
| sommige | some (some objects) |
| kleur | color [de, kleuren] |
| brief | letter [de (m), brieven] |
| bloem | flower [de, bloemen] |
| brood | bread [het, broden] |
| mens | human [de (m), mensen] |
| fluisteren | to whisper [fluister, fluisteren, fluisterde(n), gefluisterd] |
| typen | to type [typ, typen, typte(n), getypt] |
| verven | to paint (a house, not a painting) [verf, verven, verfde(n), geverfd] |
| leren | to learn [leer, leren, leerde(n), geleerd] |
| Kunt u mij het boek geven? | - Can you give me the book? |
| Hij heeft het gele huis rood geverfd. | - He has painted the yellow house red. |
| Zij typte een brief aan hen op mijn computer. | - She typed a letter to them on my computer. |
| In de tuin staan rode, gele en blauwe bloemen. | - In the garden are (stand) red, yellow and blue flowers. |
| Jullie brood is voor jullie, hun brood is voor hen, en mijn brood is voor mij. | - Your bread is for you, their bread is for them, and my bread is for me. |
| Alle kinderen zijn lief. | - All children are sweet. |
Waarom ligt mamma niet in bed? Answer 180.
Sommige mensen zijn groot. Answer 32.
Alle witte bloemen waren klein. Answer 62.
Ik heb de Nederlandse taal geleerd. Answer 181.
De grijze, grote computer staat op het bureau van vader. Answer 92.
De rode pennen zijn van mij, niet van jou. Answer 122.
Have you seen their house? Answer 152.
We gave some yellow letters to them. Answer 182.
All breads lay in the cupboard. Answer 212.